 The legal system and unwritten rights, including adverse possession, acquiescence, estoppel, agreements and practical location are covered . Several case studies illustrate these topics. |
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 An overview of Surveyors Duty and Responsibility, Retracement and Resurvey, relative importance of conflicting elements, declination conversion, numerous valuable websites on dendrochronology, fence history, common tree names, barbed wire, metal detectors, Global Positioning System (GPS, satellite surveying, geocaching and numerous case law citations. |
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 An introduction to Forensic Scence and its applications to Surveying: deductive and inductive arguments, statistical Inference, abductive reasoning, overcoming problems in research, pitfalls in research, document examination, deciphering handwriting, photographic techniques, investigative tools, case studies |
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 43 cases of significance and importance to practicing land surveyors. Topics include interpretation of deeds of abutters, description interpretation, rules of construction, survey procedure & principles of retracement, old subdivisions, acquiescence vs. adverse possession, and liability. |
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 Finding, locating, analyzing, presenting, and perpetuating evidence: wood evidence, various types of physical evidence, aerial and terrestrial photography, forensic techniques in identifying and dating evidence, court room preparation and demonstration. |
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 Highlights of boundary decisions from the eastern states (New England, New Hampshire, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky, Missouri, Tennessee, Ohio, Illinois, Indiana,) prior to 1900 |
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 An overview of common law property rights, acts of God, natural phenomena, legal problems of riparian owners that are of concern to the surveyor, selected court dcisions & problems addressing accretion, avulsion, erosion, reliction, artificial & natural accretion, water or wind accretion, hurricanes, tornados, earthquakes, land & debris flows, subsidence, volcanoes, glaciation and fire. Included are websites, court cases and a list of references for further research into these topics. |
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 A collection of issues and thoughts regarding the enforcement of a code of ethics, recent violations, conflicts of interest, violations and penalties; including the Surveyors's Creed and Canons (NSPS), a Code of Conduct (FIG), a list of references and a sample of the Code of Administrative Rules as well as Ethics and Standards (NH) |
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 Examination of the history and types of fences and a discussion of real problems and court decisions whereby fences were both accepted and rejected as boundary evidence. |
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 The philosophy and basics of retracement. Understanding what the original surveyor did, the evidence left behind, and court resolution of problems and disputes. |
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 Overcoming obstacles in searching land records and compiling chains of title. Also included are records outside of the traditional court house search with a discussion on mechanical and photographic techniques of document examination and analysis. |
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 Developing chains of title, useful tools to assist in tracking a title back, overcoming problems in research, pitfalls in resarch, deciphering handwriting, early writing and punctuation, photographic techniques, photograph comparison. A list of additional references are included. |
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 Rules and techniques for interpreting land descriptions: descriptions, legal terminology, photographic analysis, historical aspects of land description. A study of the basic rules for description writing, adding notes; proper wording and phraseology. |
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 Rules of law for the interpretation of descriptions and resolving ambiguities |
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 Types and styles of descriptions are presented and the rules of construction and the intent of parties are all presented with accompanying case law citations |
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 Basic principles applying to the reading and interpretation of land descriptions: deeds, wills, and related documents. Legal principles and survey rules are included. Court decisions focusing on specific issues of land description are also examined. |
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 Many valuable and useful records are not part of the public record or are stored in other repositories. Examination of many types of records-other than deeds and related items, probate records, and court documents – that may be useful to the land surveyor |
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 39 cases are presented in depth to help understand how the courts have decided issues of boundary retracement. |
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 Finding and locating ancient ways is not for the faint of heart. Dealing with all roads means understanding the status, type, location, width of the road and then finally examining the effect of any encumbrances. Dealing with ancient ways also requires an understanding of the history of the area and, oftentimes, the culture and traditions of the settlers. |
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 Whether a surveyor, boundary researcher, title examiner, lawyer or lay person, these topis will make the job of research land records easier: methods of transferring title to land or rights in land, boundary line creation, highways and other road layouts, case studies, school houses, eminent domain, expanding chains of title, document examination, deciphering early writing, punctuation, photographs and forgery detection. A list of reading references is included. |
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